Use the OSD clue
If opening the monitor menu temporarily fixes brightness, the DDC/CI handler is probably sleeping or stuck.
If brightness starts working after you open the monitor OSD, the monitor or connection path may be waking its DDC/CI handler only after menu activity.
If opening the monitor menu temporarily fixes brightness, the DDC/CI handler is probably sleeping or stuck.
Test a direct cable and remove docks, switches, adapters, or daisy-chain links while you isolate the cause.
When DDC/CI wakes unreliably, gamma fallback keeps per-monitor brightness control available.
Try the same brightness change before and after opening the monitor's on-screen menu. If the slider starts working right after the OSD opens, the hardware control channel is waking up late.
Some monitors do not keep their control channel fully responsive in every power or input state. Opening the OSD menu can wake the monitor firmware path that handles DDC/CI commands.
The display may dim, sleep, or switch inputs normally while its DDC/CI handler stays in a stale state until OSD activity wakes it.
Docks, switches, MST chains, and adapters can make the control channel more fragile after resume or reconnection.
If the monitor only responds after OSD activity and keeps forgetting the control channel, hardware brightness will feel unreliable. Use gamma dimming fallback for that display so the brightness slider works consistently without waiting for DDC/CI to wake up.
For color-sensitive work, prefer a direct cable and true hardware brightness control when the monitor supports it reliably.
Some monitors only wake their DDC/CI handler after OSD menu activity because of firmware power-saving behavior or a stale display connection state.
It is usually monitor firmware or connection-path behavior, often triggered by sleep, wake, input switching, refresh-rate changes, HDR changes, or adapter chains.
Enable DDC/CI in the monitor menu, simplify the cable path, power-cycle the monitor, and use gamma dimming fallback if DDC/CI remains unreliable.
Use hardware brightness where supported, with gamma fallback when needed.